Fascismo histórico e capitalismo monopolista: um estudo do caso italiano

Abstract

This monograph analyzes the rise of Italian fascism from the perspective of the Marxist tradition, understanding it as a direct political response to the organic crisis of capitalism in its monopolistic phase. The objective is to investigate the structural determinations that shaped the fascist state as an instrument for the reorganization and safeguarding of bourgeois domination in the face of the collapse of the liberal model. The research is grounded in the classical Marxist theoretical framework in order to first map the exhaustion of liberalism in Italy, a process historically marked by the “passive revolution” and the exclusionary mechanism of “transformism.” It then examines the anatomy of the fascist regime, characterized as a “preventive counterrevolution” and interpreted through the concept of Bonapartism, a critical moment in which the bourgeoisie relinquishes direct political power in an attempt to preserve its economic supremacy. The study concludes that fascism functioned as a violent technology of crisis management, aimed at destroying the autonomous organizations of the working class and forcibly imposing corporatism. It becomes evident that a reactionary mass dictatorship is not an anomaly but rather a possibility inherent to capitalist modernity when democratic-liberal hegemony and consensus dissolve.