Padrões de gênero de fraturas maxilofaciais apresentadas por pacientes atendidos no hospital odontológico da universidade federal de uberlândia no período de 2010 a 2022

Abstract

Facial trauma affects soft and hard tissues, teeth, and associated structures, causing functional and aesthetic damage, in addition to generating psychological, social, and economic impacts on the patient. Therefore, due to its high prevalence, it becomes a public health problem. Men, due to their greater exposure to risks and greater tendency to engage in reckless behavior, tend to be the main victims of this type of injury. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of facial trauma treated at the Dental Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia from 2010 to 2022, analyzing the differences in maxillofacial fracture patterns according to gender, comparing their etiologies, ethnicity, age group, marital status, area of residence, signs and symptoms, fracture location, imaging types, treatment choices, and complications. A retrospective quantitative analysis was conducted through indirect documentary research using patient records from the study period. The research was approved by the CEP, with number CAAE 74865223.6.0000.5152. A total of 17,466 medical records were examined, of which 332 met the inclusion criteria, where the majority were male (78.92%) and the minority were female (21.08%). The prevalence of adults was observed, with a mean age of 43 years for women and 41 years for men, residents of an urban area with the highest concentration in the city of Uberlândia (60% of women and 59.92% of men), single and self-declared brown. Regarding the etiology of trauma, traffic accidents were the most reported for both females (47.14%) and males (52.42%), as well as the jaw was the most affected site for men (49.12%) and women (46.15%). Most radiographic images were panoramic, for both women (26.62%) and men (32.23%). The most commonly reported complication was paresthesia, present in 19.23% of women and 12.6% of men. Furthermore, the average patient follow-up was approximately 4 months. The study enabled understanding the main patterns related to maxillofacial fractures, highlighting gender differences in their causes, management, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics, which may guide the development of targeted preventive measures and the systematization of care.