Desempenho de genótipos de feijoeiro comum, do grupo rajado, no inverno de 2023, em Uberlândia-MG

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an annual plant that can be classified as either climbing or bush-type. Its main characteristic is indeterminate growth and the presence of pods ranging from 9 to 12 cm in length, each containing 3 to 7 seeds. Among the challenges of its cultivation is the ongoing search for genetic traits such as tolerance to water deficit, pests, and diseases, as well as higher productivity, among others. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of common bean genotypes of the mottled group during the winter season in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Água Limpa Experimental Farm, owned by the Federal University of Uberlândia, located at 48°21’04’’W longitude and 19°06’09’’S latitude, with an average altitude of 800 meters. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD), with 12 treatments and 3 replications, totaling 36 plots. Each plot consisted of 4 rows spaced 0.5 m apart and 4 meters in length, totaling 8 m². Harvesting was performed at the R9 stage, considering only the two central rows. The evaluated traits were pods per plant, grains per pod, 100-grain weight (g), and yield (kg ha⁻ ¹). In addition, this study is part of the Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials conducted by Embrapa Rice and Beans in different regions of Brazil. All collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F-test, and the Scott-Knott test at a 5% significance level was applied to compare means. No significant differences were observed among treatments for the trait grains per pod. However, significant differences were found for pods per plant, with BRSMG Realce (the control) showing the best performance. For 100-grain weight, significant differences were also observed, with the BRS CNFRJ 15592 genotype showing the highest values compared to the others. Regarding yield (kg ha⁻ ¹), the genotypes CNFRJ 17545 and BRS FS311 stood out with the highest means, showing over 10% increases compared to the control.