Capacidade combinatória de genitores de soja na geração F1 e desempenho dos cultivares sob adubação orgânica e mineral

Abstract

Food security faces major challenges due to the growing dependence on commercial fertilizers and seeds. The development of soybean cultivars adapted to regenerative agriculture emerges as a key strategy for promoting sustainable and productive systems. This study hypothesizes that soybean cultivars exhibit significant variations in agronomic performance depending on the type of fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the combining ability of soybean parents in the F1 generation, as well as the agronomic and productive performance of cultivars and hybrids under organic and mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo campus – MG, using a randomized block design (RBD) in a 2 × 10 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the fertilization systems (mineral and organic), and the second to seven cultivars (#C6, #C5, #C1, #C3, #C7, #C4, and #C8) and three hybrids (#J, #F, and #I). Hybrid #J was obtained from the cross between cultivars #C6 × #C3, hybrid #I from #C5 × #C3, and hybrid #F from #C1 × #C7. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: days to maturity, plant height, number of nodes, number of flowers and pods, root mass and volume, stem and leaf dry mass, 100-seed weight, grain yield, and SPAD index. Results revealed distinct performance among cultivars. It can be concluded that fertilization significantly influences the agronomic behavior of soybean cultivars, with organic fertilization promoting greater gains in both vegetative and productive traits. Hybrids #F, #J, and #I, together with cultivars #C7 and #C8, showed superior performance under organic fertilization. Under mineral fertilization, the best-performing genotypes were hybrids #F and #J and cultivars #C1 and #C6.