Cuidados da enfermagem à criança com Tetralogia de Fallot: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart defects are structural heart malformations present from birth and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Tetralogy of Fallot (T4F) represents approximately 10% of these anomalies, characterized by four primary anatomical defects resulting from misalignment of the infundibular septum. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the role of nursing in pre- and postoperative care for children with T4F, highlighting essential interventions for safe and humane care. Methods: This is a bibliographic review based on the PICo strategy, with the guiding question "What is the role of nursing in the pre- and postoperative care of children with tetralogy of Fallot?" Data search was conducted in May 2025 in the Virtual Health Library and CAPES Periodicals databases, with publications from 2015 to 2025, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The search selection was established using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, with the research description defined as: (Tetralogy of Fallot) OR (Congenital heart disease) OR (Cardiac malformation) AND (Nursing diagnoses) AND (Nursing) AND (Surgery) AND (Postoperative care). The search resulted in 129 studies, of which 11 were selected. Results: The literature indicates that individualized nursing care contributes to a better prognosis, reduced complications, and shorter hospital stays. The importance of early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention is also highlighted. Final considerations: The role of nursing in the pre- and postoperative period of children with T4F ranges from welcoming patients upon diagnosis to continuing care after surgical correction. Furthermore, investing in training, specific guidelines, and scientific production is essential to improve care and promote better clinical outcomes.