O planejamento urbano é real? As incompatibilidades entre a Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo 525/2011 e a forma urbana da cidade de Uberlândia-MG, e seus impactos socioespaciais

Abstract

Complementary Law No. 525 of 2011 established zoning parameters, urban uses, and urban planning indices for the city of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Throughout its validity, several changes, both minor and substantial, were introduced, enabling the emergence of urban forms not originally foreseen or regulated by the law. The central issue of this research argues that these legal changes created incompatibilities between the urban scenarios intended by the law and the actual urban form produced, resulting in significant socio-spatial impacts. To identify these impacts, the study includes two analytical dimensions: urban public policies and urban spatial configuration. The methodology combines bibliographic, documentary, explanatory, and empirical research. The theoretical framework is based on authors such as Lefebvre, Harvey, Villaça, Bertaud, Lamas, Conzen, and Panerai. The explanatory and empirical research investigates the law as the central object of study, mapping its amendments and selecting five regions for case studies. The study is structured into three complementary stages: legislative analysis, morphological analysis, and urban analysis. The legislative analysis involves the interpretation of the law and its amendments to understand its normative foundations and identify affected areas. The morphological analysis, based on the Conzenian method (2022 [1969]), uses the work of Vítor Oliveira (2015, 2018, 2022) to study the urban form of the selected areas by examining components of the urban landscape such as city plans, built plans and land use. Urban analysis, grounded in the work of Panerai (2006), investigates transformations in everyday life, ambiance, and spatial appropriation dynamics, going beyond the isolated analysis of urban elements. The research identifies socio-spatial impacts such as verticalization, decentralization, demolitions, changes in land use, and changes in scale and ambiance, all systematically presented as research findings. By working with both the law and the existing city as objects of study, the research reveals a dysfunction between urban legislation and the actual production of space, reflecting a mismatch between urban planning and urban management. Finally, the study proposes guidelines to bring urban planning closer to the daily practices of urban management, in favor of building a more democratic city.