Diferentes doses e fontes de fósforo, na cultura do feijoeiro comum

Abstract

One of the reasons for the low productivity of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil is the widespread lack of phosphorus in the soil, whose levels are extremely low and insufficient for the full development of crops. Thus, phosphorus is the mineral nutrient in the production of bean seeds presenting a greater response to fertilization, therefore, the present study aims to test phosphate fertilizers at doses of 160, 120 and 80 Kg.ha-1 of P2O5, together with several sources of these fertilizers, such as mineral, organomineral and organomineral additives. In order to understand which fertilizer has the best efficiency, and at what dose in the common bean crop. The experiment was carried out in the 2024/2025 winter harvest, at the Água Limpa Farm of the Federal University of Uberlândia, located in the municipality of Uberlândia, at an altitude of 795 m. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with two replicates and ten treatments, being doses of 160, 120 and 80 Kg.ha-1 of MAP, 160, 120 and 80 Kg.ha-1 of organomineral phosphate fertilizer (05-26-00), 160, 120 and 80 Kg.ha-1 of organomineral phosphate fertilizer with additives, and a control, without phosphorus-based fertilization. Sowing took place on 06/12/2024 and harvesting on 09/11/2024, both were manual, using the BRS ESTILO variety, aiming at a population of 400.000 Plants.ha-1. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, first pod insertion, dry mass of the aerial part, number of grains per pod, pods per plant, grains per plant, weight of a thousand grains and total productivity. As a conclusion, productivity increased linearly, according to the phosphorus doses. The variation of phosphorus sources was significant for the productivity of the common bean plant. Phosphate fertilization with organominerals presented a beneficial effect on the plant, both for productivity and aerial part mass. Therefore, phosphorus is a macronutrient of extreme importance in the productivity of the crop.