Resistência aos antimicrobianos: vigilância epidemiológica de Escherichia coli em águas residuais

Abstract

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing threat to public health worldwide. In this scenario, the bacterium Escherichia coli can acquire pathogenicity factors in situations of host imbalance, especially when the immune system is suppressed. It is therefore necessary to properly monitor its characteristics in terms of resistance to antimicrobials. This study is a discussion, which compiles the results of previous studies related to the epidemiological surveillance of E. coli in water and sewage. A literature review of articles published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted by means of a field search published in PubMed. Twelve articles were selected that met the search criteria, and it was concluded that the origin of resistant strains of E. coli is associated with exposure to antibiotics present in the environment, genetic exchange with other bacteria and interactions with host organisms, such as humans and animals. Surface water and sewage are places where this microorganism can multiply and spread easily, especially in favorable conditions such as higher temperatures and the presence of nutrients. To effectively control antimicrobial resistance, it is necessary to carry out regular monitoring of the presence of resistant strains of E. coli in wastewater and sewage, as they behave as markers of antibiotic resistance in a community.