A educação superior pública e o plano nacional de educação (PNE) 2014-2024 no contexto neoliberal: uma análise dos indicadores da meta 12

Abstract

This research is part of the Postgraduate Program in Education (PPGED) in the State, Politics and Management of Education research line at the Federal College of Uberlândia (UFU), the research group called Research Laboratory of Educational Management (LAPGE) and Polis-Study and Research Group in Politics, Education and Citizenship. This research aims to analyze the results achieved by 2024 of the indicators of Goal 12 of the National Education Plan PNE (2014-2024) in the neoliberal context. In order to achieve this objective, the methodology is outlined through qualitative, exploratory research that combines bibliographic review and documentary analysis based on Historical-Dialectical Materialism.To achieve this aim, the following authors were used as references in the literature review on Higher Education, Neoliberalism and the PNE 2014-2024: Oliveira (2009, 2012, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024); Dourado (2017, 2019, 2020, 2024); Carvalho (2018, 2020, 2023, 2024); Gentili (1995,1996); Harvey (2008, 2012, 2014, 2016); Saviani (1991, 1999, 2016, 2018, 2016) and Sguissardi (2013, 2015, 2020), among others.The document analysis focused primarily on documents from the the Federal Constitution of 1988, Law Nº. 9394/1996-Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education, the documents of the National Education Conference (CONAE), the Reference Document (2009) and the Final Document (2010), Law No. 13.005/2014, which approves the National Education Plan - PNE 2014-2024 and the monitoring reports of the PNE. Historical-Dialectical Materialism, the epistemological matrix of this study, is the method that presents the categories of historicity, contradiction, totality and mediation, which are essential for the study and interpretation of social reality which allows a more accurate understanding of historical and social movements and processes. Based on this study, it was possible to see that the neoliberal bias had a significant impact on the indicators of Goal 12 of the National Education Plan (PNE) 2014-2024, due to various factors. The analysis of Goal 12 shows how public policies have been influenced by the neoliberal project from the formulation of the PNE 2014-2024 to its implementation. Two fundamental aspects contributed to the precariousness of various social areas, as well as to the setback and dismantling of Brazilian Higher Education, which is reflected in the outcome of Goal 12. The first factor was the country's socio-economic and political scenario, marked by the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in 2016. The second was the approval of Constitutional Amendment 95/2016 by the Temer government, whose implementation was continued by the Bolsonaro government, characterized by an ultra-liberal agenda. It is hoped that the data presented in this research will contribute significantly to the debate on the expansion, quality, equity and democratization of Higher Education in Brazil, as well as providing input for future academic discussions and research. Considering the limitations of this study and its object of analysis, it is recommended that further research be carried out into dropout rates in undergraduate courses, the challenges faced in ensuring student permanence and completion rates at federal universities.