Associação entre agenesia dental e anomalias dentárias de desenvolvimento: um estudo observacional

Abstract

Dental agenesis consists of the congenital absence of one or more teeth due to changes in the early stages of the odontogenesis process. Recent studies have increasingly evidenced the relationship between dental agenesis and other anomalies, bringing new perspectives to this association. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental agenesis in a specific population and to evaluate the association of agenesis in non-syndromic patients with other anomalies of dental development. This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study, using panoramic radiographs from radiological centers in the Southeast region of Brazil, to identify and analyze the presence of dental agenesis and other associated dental anomalies, such as palatal displacement of the maxillary canine, dystoangulation of the mandibular second premolar, dental transposition, deciduous molar occlusion, mesioangulation of the mandibular second molar, and supernumerary tooth. The data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and logistic regressions, with a significance level of 5%. The study included 4,990 records of patients between the ages of eight and 30 years. Dental agenesis was observed in 6.1% of the patients, with a higher prevalence in women (57.6%) and in younger individuals (mean age of 16.8 years). About 15% of the patients with agenesis also had other anomalies, such as tooth transposition (6.9%), canine palatal displacement (4.9%), and deciduous molar infraocclusion (2.6%). In view of the above, it was possible to conclude that the prevalence of dental agenesis is within the parameters found in studies from other locations, and patients with dental agenesis showed a greater association with other anomalies, with a higher probability in the lower arch (45%) and both antimeres (43%), suggesting a symmetrical pattern.