Cuidado em saúde e parentalidade para pessoas trans – barreiras, facilitadores e práticas inclusivas: Uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

Although the issue of transgender identity has gained increasing prominence in debates on health and human rights, transgender people still face significant obstacles in healthcare services, often linked to the lack of preparedness among healthcare professionals. Given this reality, the study presented in this dissertation aimed to: (i) analyze the barriers and facilitators that affect access to and the quality of healthcare for transgender individuals; (ii) identify the challenges faced by physicians and other healthcare professionals in dealing with transgender patients, as well as suggest care practices that value diversity; and (iii) discuss the role of family support and parenting in the health and well-being of transgender individuals. A narrative literature review was conducted through searches on Google Scholar and SciELO between March and November 2023, focusing on publications from 2010 to 2023 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, centered on the study's theme. The findings highlighted the lack of preparedness among many healthcare professionals regarding gender diversity, evidenced, for instance, by the inappropriate use of pronouns and the absence of inclusive protocols. Additionally, financial, bureaucratic, and structural barriers further hinder transgender individuals from accessing medical care. The research reinforces the importance of continuous training programs that promote empathy and the humanization of care. Furthermore, family support proved to be an essential factor for the emotional well-being of this population, reducing stigmas and strengthening adherence to healthcare services. It was concluded that efforts are necessary to better prepare healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care for transgender individuals and to equip families to serve as a real support network for this population. Finally, a technical technological product was developed to raise awareness among physicians and healthcare professionals in general about transgender identities and healthcare for transgender individuals.