Avaliação de óleos vegetais utilizados como fluidos de corte no Processo de Microfresamento do Aço Ferramenta ABNT H13

Abstract

The use of vegetable oils as cutting fluids has received increasing attention due to the search for more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives in the metalworking industry. This study focuses on evaluating the performance of Copaíba and Andiroba vegetable oils in micro-milling operations on H13 steel, a common material in industrial applications. The influence of these vegetable oils was investigated and compared with dry conditions and other commercial cutting fluids (Quimatic and Vascomill). To carry out the experimental tests, a four-axis CNC micromilling machine and micromills with a nominal diameter of 400 µm were used, the cutting parameters were constant (Vc = 50.2 m/min / fz = 5 µm/tooth / Ap = 40 μm ), with the change in the direction of the nozzle opposite to the advance and in the same direction, the output parameters were: analysis of the machined surface through roughness, to evaluate the wear of the micromills, it was measured by reducing the diameter, the burrs were quantified using a methodology developed in this research. In addition, physical-chemical characterization, thermal conductivity, wettability and tribological analysis of all cutting fluids were carried out. In the results obtained, (Ra) was found to be between 0.05 and 0.11 μm, with all cutting fluids having close but significant values. In the wear of microtools, with the absolute reduction of the tool diameter values between 4.0 and 13 μm, with the nozzle in the same direction of advancement having less wear with the application of andiroba and copaíba vegetable oils, respectively. The most evident wear mechanism was on the flank for all conditions. In relation to the resulting burrs, the dry condition generated larger burrs regardless of the direction of the nozzle, with copaíba oil obtaining the smallest burrs.