Avaliação do conhecimento de Biomateriais em Periodontia e Aplicabilidade da PRF: Uma abordagem múltipla

Abstract

Biomaterials are substances used to restore the anatomical and functional integrity of lost tissues, aiming to improve the patient’s quality of life. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous biomaterial, has gained importance for its regenerative potential. This thesis aims to investigate three specific objectives: Objective 1: to assess the level of knowledge about biomaterials used in periodontics among undergraduate dental students; Objective 2: to critically analyze, through a scoping review, the clinical contexts in which PRF provides the greatest therapeutic benefits; and Objective 3: to evaluate osseointegration in areas grafted with isolated PRF membranes or injectable PRF (i-PRF) combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in rat tibias. The results showed that most undergraduate students reported some knowledge of biomaterials (57%). The majority showed interest in the subject, considered the use of biomaterials safe (97%), and did not see the need for specific qualifications (58%). The scoping review included 369 studies. PRF was found to be effective in treating bone defects, root coverage, and keratinized tissue augmentation. It also showed benefits in reducing postoperative complications in tooth extractions and supporting root development in endodontics, although with varied results. For implants and sinus augmentation, long-term stability benefits were limited, and effects on wound healing and periodontitis were inconsistent. Finally, in the in vivo study, no significant differences in removal torque were observed between the groups after 15 and 45 days. In the micro-CT analysis, the SB group (i-PRF + DBBM) showed a greater volume of mineralized tissue and bone trabeculae at 45 days (p<0.05). PRF membranes had the highest bone-to-implant contact (BIC) at 15 days, while DBBM alone led at 45 days. For bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), PRF demonstrated greater bone formation at 15 days, but DBBM showed the highest values at 45 days. In conclusion, PRF shows promising potential in dentistry, particularly in enhancing the healing and regeneration of both soft and hard tissues. However, despite its versatility, the isolated use of PRF has limited efficacy for bone fill, suggesting that its combination with other materials provides optimized bone regeneration.