Origem da desigualdade: Contestando uma fundamentação natural

Abstract

This work consists in examining the origins of social inequalities, with focus on the challenge to the conception of natural inequality present in the work of Aristotle, based on the

artificial or conventional perspectives of modern philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean- Jacques Rousseau and the contemporary thinker Eduardo Moreira. The research seeks to

demonstrate how the hierarchical and teleological conception of nature by Aristotle results in the idea of a natural inequality, serving as a basis for the maintenance of power structures and discrimination in society, maintaining that social problems are unsolvable, because they would be inherent to the very human nature. In this work, we strive to demonstrate how the contractual authors oppose this view, also articulating with the economistic thought of Eduardo Moreira to endorse that the physical and intellectual differences between individuals do not imply social hierarchies, evidencing that the inequalities are artificial, fruits of civil society, and as the bourgeoisie, through its power co-opted the state authority, making it difficult in the process of creating public and affirmative policies, with the aim of preserving the stratifications between dominators and dominated.