A configuração do Estado brasileiro no neoliberalismo: a educação pública do homo œconomicus governável versus o homo politicus

Abstract

The object of this research is the study of the configuration of the Brazilian State under neoliberalism and public school education in this situation. The hypothesis is that the number of businesspeople and/or their allies within the Brazilian State has increased and that they invest in forceful reforms in public school education from within the State, either through influence in the National Congress and/or participation in government bodies. Federal Government. We researched the insertion flow of businesspeople and/or their allies within the Brazilian State from the period of President Dilma Rousseff's impeachment to the current situation. We developed qualitative bibliographic and documentary research based on the dialectical historical method, seeking to overcome the fragmentation of critical theories. We consider the contributions of classic authors in the theoretical foundation of the research, as well as contemporary national and foreign authors who allow a critical reading of the reality of the Brazilian State and, consequently, of public school education. We verified the impossibility of analyzing the configuration of the Brazilian State in neoliberalism without studying the transnational situation of the hegemony of financial-rentier capitalists and, consequently, of American neoliberalism. We observed a considerable increase in the number of businesspeople and/or their allies in the Brazilian State in the context of neoliberalism and its articulation in a subjugated manner with financial-rentier capitalists, with marked consequences for public school education, towards its scrapping and the possibility of privatization. The configuration of the Brazilian State under neoliberalism reveals its tendency towards authoritarianism and conservatism. In left-wing democratic governments the correlation of forces is moderate, in right-wing governments it is minimal and in extreme right-wing governments it is non-existent, with a tendency towards homogenization, due to the restriction of the democratic Federal Government. We analyze that Brazilian public school education reproduces American neoliberalism in schools and universities, with the predominance of the productivist logic of human capital formation and disqualification of resistance, culminating in collective political fragmentation. The configuration of the Brazilian State in neoliberalism constitutes the public education of the governable homo œconomicus versus the homo politicus, through the conservative revolution. The alternative is the democratic revolution through a universal education constituted in struggles and experiences, in which human emancipation prevails over economic efficiency, with the formation of citizens willing and able to participate directly in deliberations and decisions of interest to the community.