Neoliberalismo e educação no contexto haitiano: Uma análise do sistema educacional do Haiti no período de 2011-2016

Abstract

This work is close to the Research Line: State, Policy, and Education Management, within the Graduate Program in Education of the Faculty of Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia (PPGED/FACED/UFU). The aim of this research is to study the influence of neoliberal thought and international organizations on primary education in Haiti. The objective is to historically understand the evolution of the Haitian educational system and the influence of neoliberal policy on primary education in Haiti. The research is qualitative, based on documentary research that seeks to support the study through a theoretical approach to the Haitian educational system and the concept of neoliberalism. The methodological approach utilizes documentary research with the use of primary and secondary sources, Haitian government documents (constitution, legislation, decrees, laws), and scientific data related to education within the information domain. The theoretical framework is supported by authors who reflect on the educational system and the concept of neoliberalism, such as Louis-Auguste Joint (2008, 2006); Pierre Delima (2012); François Pierre Enorque (2009, 2013); Charles Tardieu (2016, 1990); Frédéric Mazières (2012); Harvey David (2014); Christian Laval (2009); Wendy Brown (2018); Dardot Pierre and Christian Laval (2018). The research results show that since the early 1980s, neoliberalism has promoted a policy of privatization of public goods, liberalization of the educational market, supported the privatization of education, and reduced public spending under the pretext that the State cannot fulfill its missions. Furthermore, when analyzing the role of international organizations in Haitian education, these organizations only directed reforms in their own favor and promoted the commercialization of education. We faced an education system that was over 85% privatized, while less than 15% provided by the public sector. Private schools demand exorbitant sums from parents for their children's education, while over 80% of the population lives on just one US dollar a day and cannot afford the high fees demanded by private institutions in Haiti. Finally, this study provides accurate data for the Haitian State to rethink its primary education policy.