Potencial de fungos trichoderma para engenharia da rizosfera e para a agricultura sustentável – uma revisão de literatura.

Abstract

This review addresses the roles of Trichoderma fungi in rhizosphere management, highlighting the positive effects of their application to promote sustainable agriculture. Ecological engineering of the rhizosphere, through the application of Trichoderma, emerges as a promising strategy to increase the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Trichoderma can promote plant growth, suppress pathogens, and improve soil health. By stimulating the root system of plants and inducing systemic resistance, Trichoderma isolates not only benefit plant development but also contribute to reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, this review sought to provide knowledge about the complex interactions between Trichoderma, the soil, host plants, and other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness in the biological control of soil pathogens and promoting plant growth stands out. The potential, strategies, and challenges to optimize the application of Trichoderma in agriculture were also addressed. The incorporation of Trichoderma in the ecological engineering of the rhizosphere can be a valuable tool to promote agricultural sustainability by replacing synthesized or mining inputs, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. More studies are necessary to make the application of Trichoderma isolates an economically viable alternative with higher access, aiming to develop practices that take advantage of their potential to establish more sustainable agriculture.