Desenvolvimento de um simulador de cadeira de rodas manual com realidade virtual para reabilitação e treinamento

Abstract

For the rehabilitation and training of wheelchair users in virtual reality (VR) with physical fidelity and effects on propulsion biomechanics similar to those that occur when performing tasks in a real wheelchair, equipment capable of simulating the dynamic properties involved in manual wheelchair propulsion is required. In light of this, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the usability of a manual wheelchair simulator using VR. The goal was to enable rehabilitation and training for wheelchair users on a stationary device. The simulator has the ability to replicate inertial and rolling resistance effects, perceived by users through haptic and visual feedback. The simulator was designed, manufactured and subjected to testing. The usability of the simulator was evaluated through questionnaires answered by wheelchair users before and after exposure to virtual reality on two audiovisual feedback system options: a 50-inch flat-screen television (TV) and a head-mounted display (HMD). Adverse effects induced by the simulator, the sense of presence in the virtual environment, and the overall usability of the equipment were analyzed. The results indicated that the simulator, when used with the TV, did not generate significant adverse effects and exhibited a lower level of sense of presence. On the other hand, the simulator with HMD provided a higher sense of presence and more pronounced adverse effects, which were within the levels expected for simulations with this type of device. The overall usability of the simulator was well-rated, irrespective of the audiovisual feedback system used. Thus, the simulator has been validated as a safe alternative for simulating activities in manual wheelchairs, both in terms of physical structure and the virtual reality experience, allowing its application in rehabilitation and training protocols for wheelchair users.