Atributos da fertilidade do solo em casos campeões de produtividade de soja no brasil

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil fertility attributes and high soybean yields in Brazil. Data relating to the chemical attributes of the soil in areas that were champions of the national challenge for maximum soybean productivity promoted by the Brazilian Soy Strategic Committee (CESB) were analyzed. The following soil attributes were considered: pH, K, Mg, Ca, Al3+, cation exchange capacity (CEC), P, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V and organic matter (OM), for soil layers stratified in 0-10, 10 -20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. For each variable, at different depths, the existence of a correlation (Pearson at 5%) with the yields obtained was investigated. Furthermore, descriptive statistics (mean, maximum, minimum and mode) were used on the data. There was a significant correlation between the levels of K, Mg, Cu and OM with productivity in all soil layers; Ca, up to the 10-20 cm layer, for CEC and Mn, up to the 20-40 cm layer; and for Zn, only in the 40-60 cm layer. For active acidity, exchangeable acidity, P, S, B, Fe and V%, no correlation with productivity was observed. These results indicate that pre-conceived critical nutrient levels are mischaracterized in environments with a constructed soil profile. Increasing soil fertility in depth is essential for obtaining high soybean yields. Building soil fertility up to 60 cm deep appears to significantly reduce the critical level of nutrients in the soil in the surface layer for soybean cultivation.