Educação e negritude no Brasil dos anos 1930: Primeiras aproximações com a Frente Negra Brasileira (1931-1937)

Abstract

The present master's research is situated within the research line of History and Historiography of Education, within the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU). It is a study concerning the largest and most important black organization that emerged on the national scene after the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian Black Front entity. Associativism and journalism were important strategies for the organization and mobilization of the black population in São Paulo in the early decades of the 20th century. Our object of study is the political-social association Brazilian Black Front and its newspaper, A Voz da Raça, also serving as a research source. Furthermore, our objective is to understand, through the analysis of the newspaper, how the Brazilian Black Front contributed to and encouraged the black population, in the early years of the 1930s, to study and give due value to its various actions. This study's chronological scope spans the period from 1931 to 1937. This period is justified due to the Brazilian Black Front's duration as a Black Movement in the context defined in the 1930s. By delimiting this scope and object, the historian plays a fundamental role in constructing a history that is not generalist and exclusionary, being able to use the press as a means to understand the historical-educational process. Initially, we conducted a bibliographical historical journey, characterizing issues of blackness, seeking to interface with education. Our methodological procedure included Content Analysis-Categorical Analysis, proposed by Bardin (1977). Simple frequency analysis was employed, measuring the number of appearances represented by numbers, using "Non-formal Education" as the unit of analysis. We based our theoretical conceptions on research on the Brazilian Black Front, Black Educator Movement, history through periodicals, journalistic sources used in the line of research History and Historiography of Education, and non-formal pedagogical practices, as proposed by Domingues (2004, 2006, 2008, 2016, 2019); Gomes (2017); Luca (2023); Araújo (2002); Campos (2012); Carvalho (2004), and Libâneo (2012). Thus, it is important to highlight that by expanding the research field of the History of Education beyond formal education analyses, constituting it as a problematization of society itself, it becomes possible to elucidate how certain groups construct and share their ways of educating themselves. Finally, we observed that the writing of history is a complex and rigorous process that articulates past, present, and future. We understand that the Brazilian Black Front used the newspaper A Voz da Raça as a means of expression, creating a dialogue with the black population. It was essential in creating, through the press, narratives of confronting racism and, above all, a political strategy for claiming rights and inclusion. Thus, this newspaper was a significant vector for the articulation of strategic educational actions that encouraged, discussed, problematized, and addressed the issue of education. It was essential in providing this population with possibilities and ideals for organizing itself, as well as creating a political and social environment.