Papel dos exercícios físicos na prevenção da pré-eclâmpsia na gravidez e de outras doenças cardiovasculares no puerpério: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a systemic and hypertensive disease common during pregnancy, causing serious complications to maternal and fetal health. Physical exercise (PE) is an effective intervention to prevent PE during pregnancy and other subsequent cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the postpartum period. The objective was to define which specific PE protocol proved to be effective for the cardiovascular health of pregnant and postpartum women in terms of PE and other CVD. Literature review study, with clinical trials selected from the LILACS, MEDLINE and PUBMED databases using the keywords: postpartum, pre-eclampsia, physical activity, exercise, cardiovascular diseases and pregnancy. According to the analysis of the selected studies, it was observed that regular and supervised aerobic exercise reduces modifiable risk factors, increases endogenous oxidants, improves vagal tone and improves aerobic demand and adherence to an exercise protocol during this phase is the main limiting factor for prevention. It is concluded that the regular practice of moderate intensity aerobic PE, in protocols of 150 total minutes, 3 times a week during pregnancy presents positive stages of PE prevention and during the postpartum period, when prolonged and adhered to the routine, cycling and walking ensure the prevention of other CVDs by reducing risk factors. The results seek to contribute to the understanding, applicability and prescription of exercises in clinical practice for this specific population.