Educação Infantil: dimensões éticas e legais à luz de Kant e Condorcet

Abstract

The paper “Childhood education: ethic and legal dimensions by Kant and Condorcet” is linked to a search project “Anthropology and education: an analysis of the articulation between subjectivity and education from existence phenomenology” written by master´s advisor professor Dr. Márcio Danelon, it was develop on the line of search in History and Education Historiography of graduate program in Education at the university called Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). The study theme is related to the ethic dimension present on the official documents published after the federal constitution enactment from 1988, the theorical assumptions were the illuminist philosophers: Immanuel Kant (1724- 1804) and Marquis of Condorcet (1743-1794), as well the possible causes of ethic and moral children development in childhood education. The general goal of this search was to analyze the official documents and the theoretical basis in philosophical field who have historical contribution for to build the child identity, related to the ethic and moral personal development of childhood education. In addition, the philosophy contributions for the students citzenship development was investigated, based on the Kant´s ethic and based on the philosopher Condorcet Marquis studies. To reach the purpose, a dissertation bibliography and thesis search were done in the Brazilian digital library of Thesis and dissertations, the search of documents to investigate the ethical dimension in Federal Constitution of 1988, on the Line of directions and basis law of brazilian education 9.394/96, on the standard national curriculum, added the referencial national curriculum for childhood education and the report to UNESCO from international committee about Education for the XXI century. By means of a brief historical analysis about modern ideals of public instruction, we realized the ideals iluminists influence of French Revolution (1789), as well purposes of Kant and Condorcet philosofers related to the implementation process and improvement of public teaching system in our country whose goal is to develop citzens in the way of science and reason, a secular teaching, universal and free that are established principles in our constitution. After the official documents analysis the conclusion was that the national standard curriculum is according to the illuminists ideas, as well inspiration and consonance with the principles purposed by the illuminists philosophers Kant and Condorcet. In conclusion, it is necessary to say about the importance of the reflection about ethic and moral teachings in the school since the childhood. An education whose goal is to develop children that can be ethical citzens, independents people, that know their rights and duties to be morally active people in their realities.