Caracterização do perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de isolados de Escherichia coli oriundos da sala de desossa de um abatedouro frigorífico de suíno.

Abstract

Resistance to antimicrobials is a major challenge in animal production, because due to its indiscriminate use, bacteria have become increasingly resistant, putting antimicrobial therapeutic efficacy at risk. Consequently, it poses a danger to public health, since such resistance to antimicrobials can be transmitted to humans through food, such as pork. In view of this, the present work aims to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli carers of meat cuts (CC) and cutting conveyor belt surface (ET) in a refrigerated pig slaughterhouse located in Uberlândia-MG. Isolates from CC (n=16) and ET (n=11) samples, obtained in a previous study, were subjected to the disk diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer method) to evaluate the phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance, using the antimicrobials: gentamicin – GEN (10µg), chloramphenicol - CLO (30 µg), imipenem – IPM (10 µg), ceftiofur – CTF (30 µg), ciprofloxacin – CIP (5 µg), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim – SUT (23.75 /1.25 µg), azithromycin – AZI (15 µg), aztreonam – ATM (30 µg), amoxicillin – AMO (10 µg) and tetracycline – TET (30 µg). To confirm Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) isolates, the double disk diffusion test was performed, using four antimicrobials: amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (20/10 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftiazidime (30 µg) and cefepime (30 µg). It was observed that 96.3% (26/27) of the isolates were resistant to AMO, followed by 77.8% (21/27) resistance to CLO, 55.6% (15/27) to CIP and 40, 7% (11/27) to TET, being an alert for public health, as these drugs are commonly used in human and animal medicine. However, the lowest resistance rate described was to azithromycin (11.1%) (3/27) and all isolates were sensitive to imipenem. It was possible to trace 19 resistance profiles, and among them, four (profiles 1, 2, 3 and 4) were resistant to six classes of antimicrobials. Furthermore, the resistance pattern of profile 13 (AMO-CLO-CIP) was common in 15 isolates (profiles 1-8, and 10). Among the 27 E. coli isolates, 22 (81.48%) were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes, being classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). Regarding the production of ESBL enzyme, five isolates (18.52%), 1 from ET and 4 from CC, were positive for the production of this enzyme. Therefore, this study revealed a high frequency of MDR E. coli isolates and a low frequency of ESBL enzyme-producing bacteria obtained in the deboning environment of a slaughterhouse in Uberlândia-MG. These results serve as a warning for public health, making it necessary to adopt measures to reduce the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production.