Sistemas de Spins Interagentes: uma abordagem pedagógica

Abstract

Teaching Physics is inherently challenging. However, with the growing popularity of quantum mechanics, the topic is sometimes associated with non-scientific contexts, which urges the dissemination of basic knowledge about physics of the quantum realm in elementary education. Therefore, this study aims to promote an accessible and uncomplicated introduction to interacting spin systems, using the Heisenberg model to analyze spin chains. To this end, we built a theoretical foundation that supports the diagonalization of matrices and the study of quantum phenomena, including addressing the Kondo Effect. Furthermore, from the creation and use of computer programs, we obtained exact numerical results that allowed us to interpret relevant physical quantities, which were fundamental for the contextualization of interacting systems. All of this is contextualized for basic education students using tangible and colorful fitting pieces to illustrate concepts from the quantum world. This approach fits into the gamification methodology, which makes learning more engaging and accessible to students. Students become protagonists in the construction of knowledge, taking advantage of the classic pastime of assembling parts and working towards inclusion. Finally, we realized that gamification proved to be an effective strategy for teachers to make learning more engaging and accessible, enabling students to explore more complex concepts in the field of quantum mechanics, which are elucidated in the theoretical construction of this work.