Influência dos diferentes meios de transporte urbano na mobilidade e na saúde ambiental de cidades de Minas Gerais

Abstract

This research evaluates urban mobility in the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil), in particular Uberlândia and Uberaba, in the Triângulo Mineiro Region and the state capital, Belo Horizonte, with the objective of analysing the impacts of different means of transport on environmental health of these cities, the most outstanding in the Triângulo Mineiro region. In addition, the research collected data on the existence of a Master Plan and a Mobility Planning that would direct and control the development of these cities in their urban mobility, an essential basis for a sustainable city. A comparison was established between the urban mobility of the highlighted cities and the system in practice in the European cities of Berlin (Germany) and London (England). Comparisons made considering the evolution of Urban Mobility in the cities of London and Berlin, in Europe, it was found that these cities consider sustainability and clean and healthy urban mobility, noting in them many relevant advances. In Brazil, it was possible to perceive that there are planning efforts in this direction. A challenge in Brazilian cities is the number of cars in circulation and the still insignificant use of bicycles, with a higher incidence on weekends, as a form of leisure. However, the implementation of cycleway systems to encourage the constant use of this means of transport is still restricted – which differs Brazil from Europe, where the road and road system is planned to include the bicycle as a means of transport for both work and leisure. for commuting to different destinations, even on local highways. The public vehicle fleet in Uberlândia and Uberaba, composed by buses, offers modern and quality vehicles, inserted in rapid transport systems. In the city of Belo Horizonte there is the advantage of the subway, which responds to the size of the city and the population. In Uberaba, the VETOR system is present and in Uberlândia there is an integration system, with corridors on the main access roads to the city and neighbourhoods, with the comfort of boarding stations for passengers. However, in these cities, there is still no viable model for using bicycles as a means of transport to work, nor for accommodating them on buses at intermediate stations, considering the comfort of users of this modality in their various needs. In the discussion of the results, we chose to use the evaluation data from the Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Econômicos (IESE - Institute of Social and Economic Studies) platform for European cities and Conectando Cidades Inteligentes (CSC - Connecting Smart Cities) for Brazilian cities. Minas Gerais cities obtained some relevant results but presented values below the desired one in terms of mobility and sustainability. A common point among the analysed cities was the non-full implementation of the Master Plan elaborated. Therefore, public policies have formulated comprehensive plans, although only a few outstanding measures have been implemented in practice, especially those that objectives the economic sector. It is also worth noting that the quality of life in the community is still not considered a considerable factor. It was concluded, in this study, that there is still a long way to go to achieve mobility and sustainability in the cities of Minas Gerais, although public policies have been striving towards the optimization of public transport services, even if they are still far from the North American reality and Europe, especially when considering model cities such as Berlin and London.