Protecionismo x Ambientalismo: um estudo de caso sobre os padrões de sustentabilidade aplicados no comércio internacional de carne bovina

Abstract

The development of an environmental perception linked to international trade is fundamental for sustainable development. The environmental theme comprises agreements signed at the World Trade Organization. However, sustainability standards derived from countries' international regulations are sometimes outside the scope of the WTO. However, what is implemented as sustainability standards in international trade can assume protectionist characteristics. The work analyzes the sustainability standards inserted in the internal regulations, being sometimes responsible for camouflaging trade protectionist measures. The title of analysis of the European Green Deal is achieved as an example of the referred standards. The impact of European regulations on the Brazilian beef trade is exactly like a concrete case. Through a qualitative research based on a bibliographic review, document analysis of national and international regulatory standards and multilateral agreements, academic articles, theses, journalistic articles, report, the research followed the sustainability standards adopted in the international trade of agricultural products, with faith in the international trade of Brazilian beef. Issues such as environmental measures adopted in international trade taking the form of protectionist practices. The research was structured in three chapters, the first aimed at measuring the evolution of the concept of sustainability, the second chapter portraying Brazilian agribusiness and its internationalization and the third chapter addresses the technicality of sustainability standards applied in international trade, with emphasis on trade international beef. In the end, it is concluded that the adoption of environmental measures cannot be a means of camouflaging protectionist and discriminatory practices, which goes against free trade. Finally, when environmental measures do not meet the requirements of free trade, they collide with WTO rules, which prohibit restrictive trade practices. Environmental measures must be adjusted in order to avoid discriminatory practices.