Crises econômico-financeiras, políticas e sanitárias: Qual o reflexo na geração e perfil de distribuição da riqueza nas empresas listadas na B3?

Abstract

The generation of wealth by companies is one of the main reasons why they strive, that is, to generate value for their shareholders, employees, third parties and in some ways even for the government in the form of taxes. This ability of companies to generate wealth and the way in which companies distribute this wealth may be related to internal events, which the company can control, and external events, which it has no control over or even does not expect to happen. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of crises on the generation and distribution of wealth in companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange. It is expected that the research will contribute to the academy, expanding the studies carried out on the subject and with respect to the generation and distribution of wealth expressed through the Statement of Added Value, in addition to filling a gap identified in the literature. In a practical way, the research will be relevant for shareholders or potential investors who wish to invest resources in companies present on the stock exchange, as it will be possible to get a sense of how companies behaved in times of crisis, as well as being useful to stakeholders linked to companies listed on the stock exchange. To this end, a quantitative study was carried out, using descriptive statistics and the use of the Kruskal-Wallis test, to determine the effects that crises had on companies' ability to generate wealth and possible changes in the distribution profile. The results showed that during the COVID-19 health crisis, in relation to the political crisis and recession, companies distributed less added value to third parties, while the added value distributed to equity had a significant increase, in addition due to the fact that companies expanded their wealth generation capacity during the health crisis. The final considerations point to corroborations between this study and related research already carried out, in addition to a range of opportunities for future research that could deepen and expand the results identified in this research.