Associação da duração e qualidade do sono com ingestão alimentar, padrões crononutricionais e ganho de peso durante a gestação

Abstract

Introduction: Studies suggest that changes in sleep patterns (quality and duration) impact unhealthy eating habits and consequent body weight gain. However, there is a shortage in the literature on this topic with women in the gestational period. Objective: To analyze the association between sleep duration and quality with food intake, chrononutritional patterns and weight gain during pregnancy. Methodology: Prospective cohort study conducted with 100 pregnant women. Data collection occurred once in each gestational trimester. The assessment of sleep quality and duration was performed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Food consumption was assessed using three 24-hour recalls in each quarter, totaling nine recalls, which were used to assess food consumption. Body weight was collected in the three trimesters and height only once to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI), which was assessed according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine. Linear regression analyzes were performed to associate sleep duration and quality (exposure variables: independent) with food consumption, chrononutritional and weight gain variables (outcome variables: dependent). Results: Longer sleep duration was associated with late dinner in the first trimester (β=0.228 p=0.025) and earlier in the third trimester (β=-0.223 p=0.026), in addition to a late morning snack in the second trimester (β= 0.315 p=0.026). Worse sleep quality was associated with higher total energy consumption (β=0.243, p=0.044), total fat (β=0.291, p=0.015) and chrononutritional variables such as higher number of meals (β=0.252, p =0.037), higher caloric midpoint (β=0.243, p=0.044) and shorter fasting time (β=-0.255, p=0.034) in the third trimester. Sleep quality was also associated with higher BMI in the first trimester of pregnancy (β=0.420, p=<0.001). Conclusion: Most of the associations found in the present study show that poor sleep is associated with higher calorie and fat intake, higher BMI and worse chrononutritional pattern in different gestational trimesters. Additional studies should investigate mechanisms that explain the changes in the relationship between sleep, food intake, chrononutritional pattern and weight gain during pregnancy.