Regionalismo Sul-Americano no século XXI: A desintegração regional da América do Sul de 2015-2021

Abstract

New debates arise about the best way to organize international relations, and it is in this panorama that, starting from 2000, the theme of regional integration begins to gain greater proportions in the South American continent. In this scenario, important regional institutions emerged, the ones responsible for maintaining relations between neighboring countries and ensuring their development and autonomy in the global scenario. However, from 2015, right wing governments start to rise in the region, coinciding with a decline of these organizations that had emerged. This study aims to understand the panorama of integration until 2014, revisiting the process of emergence of neoliberal governments and their global repercussions. Additionally, it seeks to understand the state of organizations such as Mercosur and Unasur during the period of neoliberal ascension. Subsequently, it aims to comprehend the role of central regional actors in this process, such as, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, and, finally, to analyze the main causes of regional disintegration in the context of the neoliberal perspective, as well as its consequences for the political projects of Latin America. To achieve these goals, a bibliographic review will be conducted, utilizing research from the field and documents from the organizations and governments themselves, in order to obtain a qualitative analysis on the topics related to regional integration.