Educação, religião e poder: disputas pelo ensino religioso nas escolas públicas durante a Primeira República (1889-1930)

Abstract

The school is a space of tensions and disputes around the formation of subjects, which, from the perspective of the Catholic Church, must continue to mobilize the values ​​of Catholicism for ordering society even after the effectiveness of the secularity of education in the First Republic. This will be the research impulse in this work. It is observed in the Republic a fertile ground for the performance of the Church and the religious orders, in other spaces and localities. If before the movement of the clergy was centralized and with greater dedication to issues of a bureaucratic nature, now efforts are focused on expanding the zone of influence. Thus, religious teaching in public schools becomes a necessity for the construction of a Christian Brazil, based on the good values ​​of Christianity. In this way, we debate in this work the elaborations around the Brazilian secularization and the efforts for moral education, in disagreement with the secularity of teaching. This leads us to question the intentionality of the Catholic Church in the dispute for the formation of subjects, what is the role of education in the conception of a society? Is the school a space of power? For this purpose, official documents of the Catholic Church were mobilized; minutes; opinions; laws and the Constitution of 1891. This article covers the period from 1889 to 1930. The first milestone is justified by the Proclamation of the Republic and official break with the imperial regime, since the final limit is related to the end of the First Republic.