Fertilizantes especiais na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L.)

Abstract

With the high nutritional demand aimed at achieving high productivity, there is also a growing concern for alternative sources of fertilizers that have a high use efficiency of nutrients, associated with the use of renewable resources for the use of organic raw material as a organic matrix in the composition of a high-performance fertilizer. Based on these assumptions, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of organomineral fertilizers in relation to other sources of fertilizers. Two experiments were conducted at Fazenda São Sebastião, in the city of Indianópolis-MG. The first experiment consisted of a randomized block design (RBD), in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was formed by four types of fertilizers: conventional mineral, mineral with polymer, organomineral with cellulosic residue (OMCR) and organomineral with filter cake (OMFC) and four rates (50%, 75%, 100% and 125%) based on recommendation to the culture. The second experiment consisted of a randomized block design (RBD), in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor formed by four types of fertilizers: conventional mineral, mineral with polymer, organomineral with cellulosic residue (OMCR) and organomineral with filter cake (OMFC) and the second factor formed by three application times (one application, two applications and three applications). For both experiments, growth variables were evaluated: plant height, canopy diameter and rate of increment of plagiotropic branches, as well as chlorophyll. Nutrient contents in the soil and leaf after fertilizer applications were also analyzed, as well as harvest data and quality after fruit maturation. In the first experiment, the organomineral fertilizer rates, showed a good response in relation to the conventional fertilizer in terms of growth variable, being able to replace it in the management of fertilizers in the coffee tree. And in the second experiment, organomineral fertilizers, in two and three seasons, showed a good response, being able to replace conventional mineral fertilizers in the management of coffee fertilizers.