Ensaio intermediário de feijoeiro comum, do grupo carioca, no inverno, em Uberlândia - MG

Abstract

Phaseolus vulgaris, or common bean as it is popularly known, is an annual herbaceous plant that exhibits both determinate and indeterminate growth, belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is one of the most important components of the Brazilian diet due to its recognized excellent protein content (15 to 33%), as well as its significant carbohydrate content (56%) and high iron content (2%). The cultivation of the common bean has high adaptability to diverse climate and soil conditions, allowing for cultivation as a standalone crop, in intercropping systems, or as an intercrop. In the state of Minas Gerais, this crop has three sowing seasons: the rainy season, which takes place from October to December; the dry season, occurring from January to March; and the winter season, from April to July. The grain yield phenotype depends on the genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interactions. Several factors, such as pests, diseases, climate variations, and market fluctuations, pose challenges to higher production. The present experiment is part of the National Common Bean Breeding Program, specifically the Intermediate Trials phase, developed by Embrapa Rice and Beans, in various areas throughout Brazil. It was conducted at the Experimental Farm Água Limpa of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in Uberlândia-MG, in 2020. The experimental design employed was randomized complete blocks (RCB), with 12 treatments and three blocks, totaling 36 plots. The treatments comprised the genotypes: BRS FC402, CNFC17680, CNFC17917, CNFC17160, CNFC17153, CNFC17918, CNFC18371, CNFC17909, CNFC17891, CNFC17882, CNFC17943, and BRS ESTILO, used as the control. The evaluated traits were: grain yield (kg ha-1), number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, and 100-grain weight (g). The results showed no significant differences in terms of pods per plant, grains per pod, and grain yield among the evaluated genotypes. However, there was a significant difference in the trait of 100- grain weight, with nine genotypes outperforming the control, particularly CNFJ 17153, CNFC 17917, CNFC 17160, CNFC 17943, and CNFC 17909, which exhibited higher values than the control genotype BRS Estilo. In absolute numbers, the genotype BRS FC402 showed a 22% increase compared to the control in terms of pods per plant, while the genotype CNFC 17909 exhibited a 5% increase compared to the control in terms of grains per pod. Regarding grain yield, the control genotype BRS Estilo was the most productive.