Métodos para a remoção de corantes no tratamento de efluentes da indústria têxtil

Abstract

The textile industry has a significant participation in the world and Brazilian economy, but this sector is also related to the significant use of fresh water in the textile processing stage and, consequently, a large generation of effluent. The textile effluent is easy to perceive because it is highly colored due to the presence of dyes that are, for the most part, organic substances, soluble in water, recalcitrant, toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Therefore, it is essential that this effluent is treated before being released into the environment. It stands out as forms of treatment of these effluents classified as biological, chemical, and physical chemical, associated or not, given that the conventional treatment generally used by the stations is not considered sufficient because it does not remove the dye due to its complexity. Therefore, it is essential to seek to improve and discover new treatments that guarantee the removal of the dye, associating efficiency, low cost and that do not generate even more damage, impacts to the environment. The present work is a bibliographic review that aims to identify the technologies that are used for the removal of dyes in the treatment of effluents from the textile industry, in addition to addressing, more specifically, the trends and advances of the biological process of biosorption, which guarantees high percentages in dye removal rates. However, there are still limitations that interfere with this technique, such as the pH and temperature of the medium, biomass, biosorbent and effluent concentration, parameters that are considered extremely important for the effectiveness of dye removal in biological treatment.