Romances gráficos interativos (RGIs) Dickens Dark London e Shifter: Diálogo entre a história em quadrinhos e a narratividade literária

Abstract

Literary or word art, and comic or word and image (graphic-visual) art relationship is in comics verbal and non-verbal languages with literary narrative elements articulation. Comics and narrativity dialogue is exemplified by comics historical overview. Thus, based on the popular form of storytelling, comics influence and are influenced by narrativity elements, as well as presenting diversified forms in printed and digital media: comics; cartoon; manga; strip/comic strip; graphic novel; digital comics/e-comics; webcomics; webtoons; cartoon animation; digital graphic novel and interactive graphic novel. In this way, graphic novel is related to narrativity based on storytelling and the medium in which it became popular, printed newspaper. Graphic novel and interactive graphic novel interrelationships extend to other elements such as narrative aspects, literature in electronic media (cyberliterature), as well as, supports available. This study aims to highlight narrativity and comic art dialogue in interactive graphic novel (IGN), in which traditional narrative and comic imagery elements are essential for creation, reading, and meaning-making, while technological elements as software programming and interaction play secondary role, but also help build meaning; and as examples, interactive graphic novels Seven Dials in Dickens Dark London and Shifter are presented. The study object, interactive graphic novel, is not a popular form in Brazil, so the intellectual nature problem is described. Some factors are pointed out during the text as possible causes for this unpopularity. Then, study focus is on comparison between interactive graphic novel and graphic novel through narratological aspects description, relationship among verbal and visual text, as well as of graphic novel differences and similarities in conventional book format and digital and interactive format. Research method used is bibliographical with constant contextualization, critical positioning and readings, especially recent studies on the subject, as well as reflection on digital device influence on literary art and comic art based on narratology, intertextuality and intermediality theoretical concepts. Therefore, Seven Dials in Dickens Dark London and Shifter are interactive graphic novels that combine media, arts, genres, languages, narratives, tradition and technological innovation, as well as require the reader to take an immersive position to make inferences from hyperreading. This is because IGN are forms that combine literary narrativity elements (space, time, plot, characters, among others) and traditional comic elements, which are based on illustration and sequential comics, as well as ecfrastic, ergodic, haptic, hybrid, hypertextual mediatic/hypermediatic, multidisciplinary, as well as interactivity and augmented reality resources.