Avaliação eletromiográfica de músculos posturais e da mastigação em gestantes do terceiro trimestre em comparação com não gestantes

Abstract

Body posture becomes something difficult to maintain on a daily basis due to several imponderable factors such as psychosomatic issues, walking habits, physical exercise among other different situations, which can cause changes in walking, stability and physical dynamics. When it comes to pregnant women, another factor arises, the change in the position of the spine due to the fact that the center of gravity is altered, therefore, the chance of changes occurring becomes relatively greater. In addition to the aforementioned postural changes, it should be remembered that the body is made up of body scales, such as the temporomandibular joints, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles. As all scales are interconnected by the musculoskeletal chain, it is assumed that the temporomandibular joint will also be modified when the body posture is inadequate, and the reciprocal is valid, that is, changes in the first scales would alter the other body balance scales. It is easily noted that during pregnancy there is a significant change in body posture, with a natural retroposition of the trunk in an attempt to maintain the axis of physical balance. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the possible relationship between the muscles, masseter, deltoid and trapezius during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women. For this analysis, the electromyographic examination of the investigated groups was used in situations of rest, mastication, maximum dental clenching, elevation of the shoulders with and without resistance. As a result, we obtained a reduction in raw values in rms (µV) in all analyzed muscles and in all investigated situations. Only 4 crossings showed statistically significant results, these being 7, 13, 21 and 26. With this, it is concluded that the reduction in muscle activity was predominant in the muscles analyzed in different situations, indicating muscle readaptation in pregnant women and , therefore, dental care for pregnant women should pay attention to muscle changes that affect the stomatognathic system.