Fatores que influenciam a expectativa e a satisfação das gestantes durante o pré-natal: análises preliminares de um estudo transversal

Abstract

Prenatal care aims to ensure the development of pregnancy, without negative impact on maternal health, considering psychosocial, educational and preventive factors. The evaluation of this care includes aspects such as the satisfaction and expectation of the pregnant woman and becomes essential, since it allows improving the quality of maternal and childcare, contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnant woman's expectations and satisfaction with prenatal care, through the application of the Brazilian version of the Patient Expectations and Satisfaction with Prenatal Care (PESPC) instrument, as well as to identify the factors that influence these two constructs. A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 22 pregnant women assisted in two Basic Health Units (BHU), in the area covered by the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) in Minas Gerais. Initially, data normality was obtained using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Categorical variables were presented in frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were described by means and standard deviations. Simple logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio for sociodemographic and obstetric variables and the domains of the PESPC instrument. The SPSS software version 20.0 was used, and a significance level (p) < 0.05 was considered. The mean age of participants was 27.91 ± 6.15 years, most were married or had a partner (81.8%) and 45.5% had completed high school. There was a predominance of an average salary of 1 to 3 minimum wages (63.3%), 59.1% were multiparous, the average number of consultations was 7.65 ± 2.47, and 90.9% of the participants had their first appointment during the first trimester. The analysis of the PESPC instrument showed that in the construct "Expectation", the domains "Complete care" and "Personalized care" had the highest scores (16.18 ± 5.72 and 13.14 ± 6.31, respectively) and a score total of 41.45 ± 13.03. The domains of the “Satisfaction” construct showed a higher score within the “System Characteristics” (26.73 ± 8.66) and “Information from the Professional” (17.32 ± 7.68) subscales. Women with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks presented higher scores for the subscales “Personalized care” and “Total score” of the “Expectation” domain. For the other analyses, no significant results were observed. It was concluded that most pregnant women were very satisfied with the prenatal care and had low expectations, and that pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks were more likely to have low expectations during prenatal care.