Produtividade e qualidade de bebida de cultivares de cafeeiros irrigados na região do cerrado mineiro

Abstract

Brazil provides favorable conditions for the cultivation of coffee, being the largest producer in the world. This is linked to several factors, such as climate, altitude, relief and especially highly productive cultivars adapted to the different coffee growing regions. It is extremely important to choose a genetic material that provides high yields and good beverage quality, enabling a greater financial return for the producer. Thus, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the quality and productivity of Coffea arabica L cultivars in the Cerrado Mineiro region. The research was conducted at Fazenda Londrina, in the municipality of Monte Carmelo - MG, with twenty-two treatments represented by Arabica coffee cultivars, as follows: Arara; Topázio MG-1190; MGS Epamig 1194; Catiguá MG2; Catiguá MG3; MGS Ametista; Pau Brasil MG1; MGS Paraíso 2; MGS Aranãs; Sarchimor MG 8840; IAC125 RN; Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10; Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144; Mundo Novo IAC 379-19; IPR 100; IPR 102; IPR 103; IPR 106; 1PR 107; Catucaí Vermelho 24/137; Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv. 479 and Acauã Novo. The spacing used was 3.7 meters between rows and 0.68 meters between plants. The harvesting of the first four years was done by manual stripping. The area has a surface drip irrigation system, with Ram model drippers spaced at 0.7 m and a flow rate of 2.3 L h-1. After the harvest of each plot, the volume of fruits gather from the plant and from the ground was collected and the productivity in bags was calculated considering 500 liters of coffee harvested to obtain 1 bag of 60-kilogram green coffee. Sensory analysis was performed according to the protocol of the Specialty Coffee Association of America. The IPR 100, MGS Epamig 1194, Ametista, and Catiguá MG2 cultivars had the highest average yields among the four harvests analyzed. The year 2021 stood out for obtaining higher average yields compared to the other production years. The cultivar Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 was the only one that obtained an average higher than 85 points in the four years evaluated and was classified in the Specialty origin category.