Associação entre tipos sanguíneos e diferentes etapas da infecção pelo Sars-CoV-2: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Blood groups (BG) are defined by antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. Clinically, two BG are relevant: the ABO and the Rh systems. The relationship between BG and infection by certain pathogens is widely discussed in the scientific community. With the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), it is questioned whether there is any association between BG and the different stages of infection by the new coronavirus. Thus, the present work sought to investigate this association. For that, a bibliographic review was performed in databases, which resulted in 44 analyzed articles. Works published between 20/01 and 21/12 were considered, without regional restrictions, given the fact that BG are a genetic inheritance. The works have divergent views, sometimes showing association, sometimes showing absence of statistically significant relationship. Many studies suggest greater susceptibility to infection and greater severity of clinical manifestations in individuals with blood group A, while individuals with blood type O seem to be protected against infection by the new Coronavirus; however, the mechanisms associated with such observations need to be better clarified through preclinical studies and some limitations may prevent obtaining more robust data, in order to prove the existence or non-existence of this correlation