Direcionamento do olhar em faces emocionais e sua influência na atenção compartilhada, uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objective: to identify and analyze international studies that investigate the focus of attention, shared attention and its relationship with emotional faces. Method: A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA method guidelines. The pubmed and psicinfo (APA) databases were used to identify the studies, based on the descriptors in English: “Joint Attention”, “Attentional Network”, “gaze”, “emotion” and “experimental” combined with the boolean AND. Results: 249 articles were found, of these 223 were excluded in the selection process, 26 were read in full and selected as eligible to compose this sample. Shared attention plays an important role in child development that reverberates into adulthood. In shared attention, not only the focus of attention is shared, but also the immediate and short-term goals, providing data regarding intentions towards other objects and people in the environment. Physical changes to the face, such as gaze changes, play a role in the confidence rating. When eye contact occurs, it positively modulates reward-related neural circuits, which are expressed by activating the dopaminergic system when pleasant faces are presented. Conclusion: Shared attention, as well as attentional processes and gaze direction are influenced by expressions sketched by another subject. Pleasant (happy) stimuli are responded to more quickly than angry stimuli, and the expression of fear increases the effect of another person's gaze toward the observer's attention.