Avaliação das doses de radiação envolvidas em procedimentos de radioterapia em gestantes e possíveis efeitos da radiação ionizante no feto

Abstract

The incidence of the appearance of some type of cancer in pregnant women occurs with low frequency, however, radiotherapy procedures in pregnant women require special care different from a treatment performed under normal conditions. In the case of treatment of pregnant women, it is necessary to include the fetus in the planning of radiological protection, where the use of an abdominal lead shield is necessary as a way of protecting the fetus from radiation. Care for the fetus is important because if it receives significant radiation doses, it may develop some anomaly such as: mental and growth retardation, microcephaly, some teratogenicity, among others. This bibliographic review aims to analyze real cases and simulations in radiotherapy scenarios for pregnant women, in order to obtain radiation dose values for the treatment and for the fetus. For this, scientific papers were selected, with information related to therapy treatments for pregnant women, as well as the values of radiation doses involved in the treatment. After selecting the articles, the relevant information were collected. Through the bibliographic review carried out in this work, it may be concluded that despite the consequences that may arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, it is possible to treat some types of cancer that may develop during pregnancy through radiotherapy, always trying to protect the fetus, using protective barriers.