Diagnóstico da influência das atividades humanas na ocorrência dos incêndios do Parque Estadual do Pau Furado

Abstract

Forest fires are frequent inside Conservation Units and constitute one of the main concerns in the management of these areas. To assist in the prevention and control of forest fires, geotechnology tools have been tested and employed. Thus, the present work aimed at identifying the influence of anthropic activities and analyzing the outbreaks of fires in a Conservation Unit using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) tools. The study area is located in the Pau Furado State Park, situated between the municipalities of Uberlândia and Araguari, in the Triangulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais. The images were acquired through the USGS.gov website. With the images, the atmospheric correction was performed by the Semi-Automatic Classification (SCP) plugin, a component of the Qgis 3.22.5 software and the images obtained are from the Sentinel-2 satellite, MSI sensor. The period analyzed was from 2017 to 2020. In the classification of the images, the supervised classification was used and "Buffers" were applied to the dimensions of each focus of fire found in the buffer zone and the boundary area of PEPF. When analyzing the buffer zone, it was found that in all years there is a predominance of vegetation when comparing the classes classified, except in the year 2017 in which agriculture was more prominent. In the year 2019, there were about 109 fire outbreaks in the study area and with the analyses of the buffers it was observed that the vegetation class and the agriculture class were the ones that verified most fire outbreaks. Thus, it is concluded that anthropization with the use of agricultural practices and occurrences of exposed soil are the main allies in the propagation of fires. The inadequate management practices cause degradations to the protection of the PEPF, since the buffer zone has not performed its main function of reducing impacts on the Conservation Unit.