Infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde em neonatos com peso menor que 1500g: etiologia, fatores de risco e formas de prevenção

Abstract

Background: Health Care Related Infections (HAI) in neonates weighing <1500g has shown high rates of morbidity and mortality in neonatal ICUs. Objectives: The objective was to synthesize information about HAIs that affect critical neonates, highlighting risk factors, which etiologic agents, frequent infectious syndromes and their control. Contents: Articles were searched with the descriptors: very low birth weight newborn, mortality, risk factors, in the databases and virtual libraries: Scielo, Google scholar, Pubmed, Science di- rect, Web of Science and Brazilian database Periódico Capes, over the past 5 years. In total, 28.222 articles were found, after exclusion criteria 29 were used to compose the review. Among the relevant risk factors are prematurity and the use of invasive devices. The prevalent infectious syndrome was bloodstream infection and the most frequently detected etiologic agents were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococ- cus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Candida spp. Conclu- sion: Practices such as encouraging breastfeeding, reducing the use of invasive devices, rigorous hand hygiene practices and disinfecting the hospital environment are effective for controlling HAIs in critically ill neonates.