Corpos marginalizados, esquecidos e explorados no Brasil: as transformações dos mecanismos de exclusão através do tempo (XIX-­XXI)

Abstract

In this dissertation work, we seek to understand the conceptions and social relationships intricate in the human bodily conditions that, in the past and present, produce, maintain, legitimize and justify marginality, forgetfulness and exploitation of subjects. Studying these aspects between the 19th and 21st centuries, the notorious social differences through the period obscures the continuities and even the ruptures in the process of formation of Brazilian society. For this reason, it is proposed to analyze the transformations in the exclusion mechanisms. To this end, we investigate the excluded, such as the mad, the deaf­mute, the blind, the defective and the sick, and the place they occupy in the Brazilian empire, where it is possible to seize them included in duality: free or enslaved. In turn, the process of abolition of slavery and Proclamation of the Republic constitute other experiences on the body, at which time institutional segregation will be generalized throughout the country under the background of a scientificity. Thus, although the recognition of body conditions is possible in the course of time, nomenclatures, classifications, and discourses about the body need to be historicized. In this sense, prison, hospital and school, as secular institutions, can express the social models that have been constituting them from time, as well as the contradictions that make them a field of dispute between the oppressors and oppressed. Regarding the study, the 21st century will be limited to movements for the social inclusion of people with disabilities in the school environment, in view of the advances and difficulties for its realization.