O papel do feedback extrínseco no futebol: uma análise da produção científica com enfoque no treinador e jogador

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the panorama of scientific productions investigating the role of extrinsic feedback in the context of football coaches and players. To carry out the review, the MEDLINE databases via Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier) and Scielo were used, using the logical operators OR and AND between the following descriptors: “soccer” OR “football” OR “Futebol” AND “feedback”. The search for articles took place in October 2020 and only original scientific articles with the restriction of the language of English and Portuguese were included, in which the theme extrinsic feedback and football were addressed in relation to players, coaches and both. The data collected from the articles were author/year, objective, sample, feedback, feedback evaluation, groups/conditions, study phases and main results. All extracted data were organized in a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet and analyzed based on descriptive statistics of absolute (N) and relative (%) values. A total of 851 articles were found, and after applying the eligibility criteria, fifty-two articles were selected to compose the study. The most investigated public were players (n = 33), followed by coaches (n = 12) and both (n = 8). The main results were the incipient participation of women as a focus of investigation and the influence of the frequency of extrinsic feedback with an external focus on the performance of technical fundamentals of football in players. In addition, the use of video feedback by coaches proved to be a strategy that can modify pedagogical practice in relation to their training “philosophy”. The results allow us to conclude that extrinsic feedback, when applied to players or coaches, is a factor/constraint that modifies their behavior and brings benefits to different learning and professional development processes.