Correlação entre hábitos de higiene oral, uso de medicações e alimentação com a saúde bucal de pacientes pediátricos de alta complexidade

Abstract

Studies have shown that people with disabilities (PD), when compared to those without disabilities and in the same age, have a higher prevalence of caries, a greater number of extracted and untreated teeth and a more severe periodontal disease. Specifically for children with highly complex health problems (CHCHP), there is a lack of studies that assess the risk factors associated with this higher prevalence of oral problems. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between medication use, eating habits and oral health of pediatric patients in a critical state of general health. The observational cross-sectional study was carried out with children of high complexity (n=28). To those responsible were given a questionnaire about the use of medications, eating habits and oral health habits. In the CHCHP, a single examiner performed the clinical examination of oral health conditions (gingival bleeding, gingival hyperplasia, caries experience, calculus and presence of visible plaque). Descriptive analysis of variables was performed, in addition to analysis of correlations, using Spearman's correlation tests and contingency coefficient (p<0.05). Of the total sample, 32.1% (n=9) had cerebral palsy and 46.4% (n=13) used anticonvulsants. The cariogenic potential was considered moderate or high for 50.0% of the sample (n=14). In 64.3% (n=18) toothbrushing was performed by the caregiver and 75.0% (n=21) reported never having used dental floss. 53.6% (n=15) of patients had gingival bleeding during brushing, 32.1% (n=9) had gingival hyperplasia and 46.4% (n=13) had calculus. Important correlations were observed, among them: lower frequency of brushing and use of anticonvulsants with the presence of hyperplasia and gingival bleeding (p<0.05). It was possible to conclude that there is a correlation between oral hygiene habits (OH), medication use and the cariogenic potential of food with the oral health of pediatric patients in a critical state of general health whose presented a high frequency of oral problems.