Análise comparativa dos dispositivos de controle térmico aplicados em veículos elétricos

Abstract

The rising in vehicle propelled by non-combustible sources, in the search for reduced global emissions, brings hardships not only to the automotive industry and power sectors. Another relevant issue on the complete viability of electric vehicles is the adaptation of thermal control systems, both for the cabin as well as powertrain elements, since those are high energy consuming, limiting even more the restriction imposed by the battery resources. Additionaly, with global vehicle development policies, the designed systems often lose efficiency when operating in hotter climates, such as Brazilian tropical climate, this is amplified by the amount of papers on the efficiency of these systems when in lower temperatures, with many studies focusing on Europe or China. In this scenario, a review was done to analyze the state on air conditioning, heating and battery temperature control, evaluating applicability in the different types of electric vehicles and comparing it to the standard system currently present in internal combustion vehicles. A mathematical analysis of those systems was done, with basis on mathematical and empirical formulations present in the literature, as well as using software EES for a quantitative comparison, for the more complex systems only a qualitative analysis was made. With the obtained results, it is possible to observe that there still is much to develop and improve current solutions, allowing for better comfort, efficiency and lifetime to electric vehicle, furthermore, additional studies were proposed for better understanding.