Povos indígenas no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH): evolução da atuação do SIDH na América do Sul (1971-2020)

Abstract

The matters related to indigenous peoples are considered to be a peculiar subject in the Inter American System of Human Rights. It is estimated that there are approximately 18 million indigenous only in South America. Many live amidst precarious situations and of imminent risks, that characterizes human rights violations against these peoples as constant in many aspects, such as rights related to property and ancestral land, right to health and to human dignity. The American Declaration of Indigenous Peoples, approved in 2016, reinforced the promotion and protection of these vital peoples who have great historical value for the Americas. This declaration can be seen as a result of a series of actions from the Inter American System of Human Rights (IASHR) targeted specifically to human peoples in the Americas. Nonetheless, IASHR currently accounts for 34 violation cases against indigenous peoples admitted by the regional petition system. Therefore, this research intends to map these cases and efforts from the ISHR in South America, in order to create an overview on the subject with a specific focus to this region and understand the handling on the subject of indigenous peoples and its evolution in the area.