Literatura, Jornalismo e Psicologia Analítica: imaginação e realidade humana

Abstract

Literature contains vast material that explains the ancestral and current collective psyche. The psychiatrist and psychologist Carl G. Jung (1922/1991) found in myths and fairy tales evident images of the human psychic arrangement, with archetypal contents, which enabled the literary work of art to become an object of study for Psychology. In the 1960s, the new journalism, an American journalistic movement, brought a new strand of literary work, which is the non-fiction novel or real-life literature. In Brazil, this type of journalism became known as literary journalism. The emergence of subjectivity and fabrication in the journalistic text evidenced its perennial character, considered one of the main aspirations of the journalist who dares to romance reality. It was from the concept of perenniality in literary journalism that the central objective of this dissertation emerged, exposed in the relations between literature/psychology, literature/journalism, journalism/psychology and the possible interaction between the three fields. The research, structured in the format of a collection of articles, was elaborated in two studies that, despite being independent in solving specific objectives, complement each other around the central objective. Thus, in Study I a theoretical-bibliographical research was carried out, presenting the creative process of literature, archetypal stories in fiction, the psychological interpretation of literary works, the non-fiction novel, and the interdisciplinarity among the three major fields, resulting in the understanding that literary journalism belongs to the domain of the human psyche, which would make a psychological analysis of the narratives feasible, since, even though it deals with human reality, it presents symbolic/archetypal contents. Next, in Study II, giving continuity to the considerations obtained in the first study, we intended to perform a psychological interpretation of the narrative The forest of midwives, written by the journalist Eliane Brum, a national and international reference in literary journalism. Thus, based on the psychologicalhermeneutic method of Marie-Louise von Franz (1981), the report presented, in a more evident way, eight archetypes, being the maternal, the wise woman and the wild woman the most explored in the interpretation, which caused an articulation with the indigenous Brazilianness. Finally, it was concluded that the narrative presents an emphasis on the repressed archetypes of the feminine soul and the negative repercussion on ancestral wisdom, as well as the return of contact with the essential values of the Brazilian soul.