O Grupo Escolar João Pinheiro: aspectos de sua cultura material por meio da arquitetura (1908-2015)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the original construction and the renovations of the building of the current João Pinheiro State School. This school group was the first urban public school institution, whose building was built in the current municipality of Ituiutaba - MG, in adherence to the new educational model of the then recently Brazilian Republic. material culture of the then Villa Platina Group (now EE João Pinheiro), in the architectural aspects present in the original building and in the structural reforms in the period from 1908 to 2015? As for the methodology, the work is about qualitative and documentary research whose sources were: news from newspapers (Jornal Lavoura e Comercio and Folha de Ituiutaba), photos, building plan and legal documents. Regarding the theoretical and methodological guidelines, the main authors used were: Vinao Frago (2001), Funari and Zarankin (2005), Faria Filho (2000) and Ribeiro e Silva (2009). The research made it possible to identify the material culture in the process of construction and reforms of the School Group in its two phases (Villa Platina and João Pinheiro) and, also, its transition to Escola Estadual João Pinheiro until the most recent structural modifications, which allowed to verify, in its architecture, elements that refer to hygienism (large windows and high ceilings in the classrooms and administration), as well as, to the vigilant and disciplinary character, (narrow corridors, location of the direction and patio and organization of the portfolios), characteristic those types of buildings. We conclude that the historiography of this institution reveals great marks in the history of local, regional and national education. Being imprinted on the changes (reforms) and permanences of the institution, as well as the power and political relations that existed and were established in the scope of education reflected in the neglect suffered over the decades and the change in the profile of the institution's students. Each reform was related to a political, historical and social context experienced both in the national and local dimension and the analysis of the building's architecture and its reforms allowed us to understand with a new look the history of the current João Pinheiro State School.