Repercussões do exercício físico em pacientes portadores de doenças oncohematológicas: Análise preliminar

Abstract

Introduction: Leukemia, Lymphoma and Myeloma are oncohematological diseases that have different definition and pathophysiology, but often with similar clinic and treatment. The signs and symptoms of the three diseases, together with the side effects of the treatment, can promote functional kinetic changes, which result in the loss of the patient's autonomy to perform activities of daily living and socialization. Objective: Conduct a systematic literature review on the repercussions of physical exercise on patients with oncohematological diseases during treatment in the hospital. Methodology: A preliminary analysis of the systematic literature review was performed, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyzes (PRISMA) guideline protocol. Results: Three articles were included for the qualitative analysis. Interventions took place in the hospital environment, including aerobic and resistance exercises, except for the study by Chang et al, which analyzed only the aerobic modality. Chang et al and Bryant et al observed that the intervention group achieved a stabilization and decline, respectively, of fatigue levels while the control group showed a significant increase. Wehrle et al in turn observed a significant increase in thigh muscle strength in flexion and extension, compared to the control group and the endurance group, which showed a considerable decrease in the extension movement. Conclusion: After analyzing the studies, we can conclude that the practice of physical exercise in the hospital environment during the treatment of oncohematological diseases helps to reduce the reported fatigue, maintain physical capacity, improve the quality of life indexes, reducing anxiety and depression, maintaining the functionality enabling the performance of activities of daily living, preventing the patient from losing his independence.